Food

From the Minecraft Beta 1.7.3 Wiki

Food is anything a player eats to restore health.

Eating

Using a food eats one at once. It restores its value in health, up to the maximum of 20; see Damage#Health.

Food is eaten at full health as well, and restores nothing.

Mushroom stew leaves an empty bowl behind.

Foods

IconNameHealsStackable
AppleApple4No
Mushroom StewMushroom Stew10No
BreadBread5No
Raw PorkchopRaw Porkchop3No
Cooked PorkchopCooked Porkchop8No
Golden AppleGolden Apple42No
Raw FishRaw Fish2No
Cooked FishCooked Fish5No
CookieCookie1Yes (8)

A cake is eaten where it stands, one slice at a time, by using or hitting it. Each slice restores 3, and a cake has 6. A slice is eaten only when the player is below full health.

Raw porkchops and raw fish cook in a furnace.

Wolves

A tamed wolf below full health eats a raw or cooked porkchop from a player's hand, and restores 3 from either.